For oil companies, the falling price has triggered industry-wide scrutiny of capital spending, with the so-called majors the biggest groups with upstream and downstream operations expected to cut billions of dollars from exploration and development projects in the coming year, deferring and even axing programmes. 对石油公司来说,油价下跌引发全行业评估资本支出,那些所谓的石油巨头(拥有上下游业务的大型集团)预计来年在勘探和开发项目中削减数十亿美元支出,延迟甚至放弃某些项目。
That is true for both upstream and downstream operations. 上下游业务均是如此。
They could concentrate on the "upstream" exploration and production side of their operations, already the largest and most profitable, and increasingly operate as suppliers to refiners and distributors in China and other emerging economies. 它们可以专注于业务“上游”的勘探和开采部分这已经是规模最大、最有利可图的部分,并争取成为中国和其它新兴经济体炼油厂和经销商的供应商。
It will unlock a range of associated Shell upstream projects and extinguish routine gas flaring in its Nigerian operations. 它将带来与壳牌相关的一系列上游项目,并将消除尼日利亚工厂运营中常规气体的放空。
Alot of noises accumulate on the upstream channel in HFC ( Hybrid Fiber-Coax) system, which caused the difficulty in bi directional operations, Therefore, suppressing them is very difficult. HFC上行通路汇集了大量的各类噪声,严重影响着其双向业务的开通,如何对这些噪声进行抑制是个难题。